In recent years, as artificial intelligence (AI) continues to evolve, the notion that AI-powered translation tools could eventually render the need to learn languages obsolete has gained traction. One language often cited in this context is English, particularly in Japan, where the country’s global ranking in English proficiency has been on a steady decline. Despite this trend, Tamotsu Fujita, the director of Sophia University’s Center for Language Education and Research and a leading expert in English education, argues that learning languages—particularly English—remains important even in an age of advanced AI translation tools. This article explores Fujita’s perspective on the value of language education in Japan and globally, despite the rise of machine translation systems.
The Decline of English Proficiency in Japan
English education in Japan has faced significant challenges in recent years, and its global standing reflects this. The 2024 English Proficiency Index (EPI) report, compiled by the Switzerland-based study abroad company EF Education First (EF), ranks Japan 92nd out of 116 non-native English-speaking countries and regions. This marks a notable drop from 87th place in 2023. The most concerning aspect of the report is that English proficiency scores among 18- to 25-year-olds are significantly lower than the global average, indicating a generational gap in language learning.
The decline of Japan’s English proficiency is a concerning trend, especially as English has long been considered a crucial global language for business, diplomacy, and cultural exchange. While this decline is clear, it is important to note that the EF report primarily targets individuals actively engaged in English learning, rather than the general population, which provides some context to the results. Despite this, many in Japan have questioned whether learning English is still necessary, given the rapid advancements in AI-powered translation technologies.
AI and Its Impact on Language Learning
With the rise of AI-powered translation tools like Google Translate, DeepL, and others, some have posited that language learning may no longer be essential. These tools have become incredibly sophisticated, capable of translating complex phrases and sentences with increasing accuracy. For instance, a traveler in Japan can use a smartphone to communicate with locals, even if they don’t speak Japanese, by relying on translation apps. Similarly, AI translation tools can allow individuals to read foreign texts, watch videos, and participate in conversations with less reliance on traditional language skills.
However, Fujita challenges this view, emphasizing that the role of language learning extends far beyond simple translation. According to Fujita, the true value of language education lies not just in the mechanical ability to translate words but in the deeper understanding of culture, thought processes, and human interaction that learning a language fosters. He argues that, despite the convenience of AI translations, machines are unable to capture the nuances of language and culture, which are essential to meaningful communication.
The Limits of Machine Translation
Fujita offers an example to illustrate the limitations of AI translation. He shares a personal experience of learning Khmer, the official language of Cambodia. When he used an AI translator to understand the phrase “the color of the leaves of a plant,” the tool translated it simply as “green.” However, when he asked native Cambodian speakers, they explained that the word they use for the color of leaves actually equates to “blue” in English. This revelation highlights the complexity of language and how deeply it is intertwined with culture. In this case, a machine translation tool failed to capture the cultural perspective embedded in the language.
In Cambodia, the term used for the color of leaves may seem mysterious when translated directly into English, but it makes perfect sense within the Cambodian cultural context. To truly understand this concept, one must engage with the language and culture firsthand. This is a crucial point that Fujita makes: language is not merely a system of words, but a lens through which we perceive and interpret the world. AI, while powerful, is incapable of teaching these subtleties.
Fujita further emphasizes that learning a language is not only about translating words but about developing an appreciation for different worldviews. For instance, a simple phrase in another language may carry with it centuries of cultural context that AI tools simply cannot translate. This deeper understanding, he argues, is one of the key benefits of learning a foreign language, especially for those seeking to engage with people from different cultures in a meaningful way.
The Dangers of Relying on Machine Translation
Fujita also points out the potential dangers of relying too heavily on machine translation. While these tools can be incredibly useful in certain situations, they are not infallible. He recalls an anecdote in which he was told that “big decisions are made in the smoke room,” a phrase that evokes a bygone era of informal decision-making outside of official meetings. In today’s world, small talk and informal discussions still play a key role in building relationships and generating new ideas. However, this dynamic would be lost if individuals relied solely on machine translations, which may miss the cultural significance of such expressions.
Furthermore, Fujita warns that in the age of multinational teams and global collaboration, being able to communicate effectively in English is more important than ever. Technological advancements have made it easier than ever for people to work together across borders, but this also means that real communication skills are essential. In fields like technology, where collaboration is key to innovation, the inability to communicate effectively can lead to significant losses. Fujita stresses that AI tools, while helpful for basic communication, cannot replace the need for genuine conversational skills in a professional setting.
Japan’s Position on English Education
Despite the decline in English proficiency rankings, Fujita does not believe that Japan’s English abilities have necessarily deteriorated. Instead, he argues that Japan has simply maintained its position while other countries have made greater strides in improving their English skills. One factor contributing to this is Japan’s large domestic market. Unlike smaller countries that rely on international trade, Japan has a robust internal economy, which reduces the pressure for individuals to become fluent in English.
Additionally, Fujita suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has further entrenched this mindset. With travel restrictions and the rise of online communication, many young people in Japan may feel less inclined to learn English or pursue international experiences. However, Fujita cautions that in the increasingly interconnected global society, the ability to understand and appreciate different cultures will be crucial for future generations.
The Importance of Experiencing Other Cultures
Fujita concludes by stressing that the true value of learning a language lies in the ability to understand and navigate different cultural perspectives. While online platforms and AI tools can provide access to information and help people learn about other countries, they cannot replicate the experience of living abroad and immersing oneself in a different culture. He encourages young people to consider living overseas, even for a short period, to better understand what it means to be a minority and how to navigate challenges in a foreign environment.
Experiencing life as a minority—whether linguistic, racial, or cultural—can be transformative. It forces individuals to confront their own biases and assumptions and helps them develop empathy and problem-solving skills. Fujita believes that these experiences are crucial in a world that is becoming increasingly diverse and interconnected. Learning a language is not just about acquiring a skill; it’s about developing a mindset that is open, flexible, and capable of navigating a globalized world.
In conclusion, while AI-powered translation tools offer significant advancements in language technology, they cannot replace the deep cultural understanding and human connection that comes from learning a language. As Tamotsu Fujita argues, language learning is not just about translation—it is about developing a nuanced understanding of different cultures, perspectives, and ways of thinking. In the globalized world of the future, these skills will remain indispensable. Therefore, even as AI continues to improve, language learning will continue to play a vital role in fostering international understanding and collaboration.