Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has sparked significant interest and debate in education, particularly in its application to English-language development for multilingual learners. Although research on the efficacy of using these tools is still in its early stages, preliminary studies suggest that AI has the potential to transform English instruction. However, this emerging technology comes with challenges that must be addressed to ensure it is used effectively.
The Potential of Generative AI in English Instruction
Generative AI tools, such as ChatGPT, Grammarly, and translation applications, offer various features that can benefit English learners. These tools can simplify complex texts, provide instant feedback on grammar and style, and assist in translation and vocabulary acquisition. For example, some teachers have utilized ChatGPT to adjust Lexile levels—a metric for text difficulty—to better match their students’ reading abilities. By tailoring content to students’ comprehension levels, these tools can make learning more accessible and engaging.
More broadly, a nationally representative survey conducted by the EdWeek Research Center in September and October revealed that one-third of school and district administrators are already using AI technologies in programs serving multilingual learners. Another 40% reported that they are either considering, exploring, or piloting these tools, signaling growing interest and experimentation within the education sector.
Lessons from Past AI-Driven Tools
The integration of AI in education is not entirely new. Tools like Google Translate and Grammarly have been in use for years, providing valuable insights into how technology can support language learning. According to Avary Carhill-Poza, an associate professor of applied linguistics at the University of Massachusetts Boston, the focus should shift from viewing AI as merely a tool to understanding its role in shaping educational practices. By learning from the ways parents, students, and communities already use AI, educators can better integrate these technologies into classroom instruction.
For instance, Carhill-Poza emphasizes the importance of starting with what students and their families already know about AI. This approach encourages educators to build on existing knowledge and practices, rather than introducing AI as a disruptive or entirely new element. Understanding how multilingual learners and their communities use AI in everyday contexts can inform more effective classroom applications.
Real-World Applications of AI for English Learners
Examples of how multilingual learners use AI highlight its potential to support language development. For instance, one high school student used an AI-powered translation app to translate a list of ingredients her mother texted her, enabling her to complete an errand efficiently. Another example involves students using AI tools to summarize articles before diving into detailed analysis. These practices demonstrate how AI can enhance efficiency and comprehension, allowing learners to focus on higher-order thinking skills.
Teachers, however, often express concerns about AI becoming a crutch for students. To address this, Carhill-Poza suggests rethinking traditional approaches to learning tasks. For example, if a student can use AI to generate an overview of an article, this might serve as a valuable starting point for deeper engagement with the text. Rather than fearing that students are bypassing hard work, educators can view AI as a means to leverage students’ existing knowledge and experiences.
Challenges in Implementing AI in Education
While AI offers promising benefits, it also poses significant challenges. Many educators worry about students using AI tools to cheat or rely too heavily on AI-generated content, potentially hindering their critical thinking and writing skills. Additionally, AI-generated responses can sometimes be inaccurate or biased, necessitating careful oversight and guidance.
Another concern is that multilingual learners may place excessive trust in AI-generated texts, viewing them as more accurate or “correct” than their own work. This mindset can discourage students from developing their own voice and confidence in English. To mitigate this issue, teachers must emphasize the importance of editing, proofreading, and critically evaluating AI-generated content. Encouraging students to view AI as a supportive tool rather than an authoritative source is crucial for fostering independent thinking.
Recommendations for Educators
To maximize the benefits of generative AI for multilingual learners, educators should consider the following strategies:
- Leverage Existing Knowledge: Start by understanding how students and their families are already using AI. This can provide valuable insights into practical applications and help tailor classroom practices to align with students’ experiences.
- Promote Critical Evaluation: Teach students to critically assess AI-generated content, emphasizing the importance of editing and proofreading. This helps students develop confidence in their own abilities and ensures that AI serves as a complement to their learning, not a replacement.
- Use AI to Enhance Efficiency: Incorporate AI tools to simplify tasks such as summarizing texts or providing grammar feedback, allowing students to focus on higher-order skills like analysis and synthesis.
- Encourage Collaboration: Facilitate opportunities for students to share how they use AI tools in their personal lives. This can foster a collaborative learning environment and inspire creative uses of technology.
- Provide Professional Development: Offer training for teachers on how to integrate AI tools effectively into their instruction. Professional development can help educators feel more confident and informed about using these technologies.
Balancing Innovation and Caution
The integration of generative AI in education requires a balanced approach that acknowledges both its potential and its limitations. As Carhill-Poza notes, the key is to remain open to unorthodox processes that support language and content learning. By shifting the focus from technology itself to the practices it enables, educators can create more inclusive and effective learning environments for multilingual learners.
Generative AI is not a one-size-fits-all solution, but rather a tool that, when used thoughtfully, can enhance English-language instruction. By addressing challenges such as over-reliance on AI and the potential for biased responses, educators can ensure that these technologies empower students rather than hinder their development. With ongoing research and thoughtful implementation, generative AI has the potential to revolutionize English-language learning for multilingual students.